Water, water, everywhere! Also, I love my phone case

The rain has slowed down quite a lot, but it’s still coming down. The worst of it has passed us by, and at this point, we’re getting more of a sprinkle than a rain.

Continuous rain for almost 2 days, however, does accumulate!

The area behind the garage is quite the lake. It’s actually larger than it appears in the photo, as much of it is hidden by the grass. The paths between the raised beds are full of water. The area I think someone tried to make into a ditch, along the fence line north of the driveway, is full of water, as is the driveway and the “moat” around the garage. There’s a moat around the storage house, as well, and more water in the space behind it.

The main garden area, where it’s still rough from the last time it was plowed (badly) before we moved here had little pools of water all over, of course. There’s also water in the paths between all the raised beds, and pooling in the area where we tried to grow potatoes, the year it flooded. At the far end of the crab apple trees, where water accumulates every spring, is another area of water that extends almost half way up the rows of silver buffalo berry! There’s even pooling under the crab apple trees.

The old basement is, of course, quite wet. The fans are keeping it down a bit, but some areas don’t just get damp, but pool, so we have go do down and sweep the water into the sump pump reservoir in one area, and into the floor drain in the other half of the basement.

I ended up making an unexpected trip to town. After unlocking the gate and getting into the truck, I reached into my pocket to put my cell phone in the spot I keep it while driving… and it wasn’t there.

Figuring I forgot it in the house, I backed the truck up to the small gate in the chain link fence, so I wouldn’t have to wade through the moat again, then went in to look.

Nothing.

So I tried phoning my cell phone with our land line.

It didn’t even ring, but went immediately to a message saying I was being automatically forwarded to voice mail. So I hung up.

The only thing left was that it somehow fell out of my pocket while I was going to the garage and the gate. So I started back tracking.

I was just reaching the part of the driveway that goes into the yard – which is under the moat surrounding the garage – when I saw a dark rectangle in the grass.

With a muddy tire track running right over it.

Much to my shock, nothing was broken. The case I have for my phone is a very basic wallet type, with a cover over the screen. That case saved my phone! It was quite wet, of course, so there was the warning not to plug in the device. A warning that finally went away, just now!

After wiping off the phone as best I could, I set it over the window vent on the dash and headed into town, did my errand, then headed back. I was able to use the phone to message my family without any problems.

Once inside, I used the toothpick end of a floss pick to clear out any debris that might have been in the port. I also took off the cover, and wiped up the moisture caught in it. Then I used a dual valve balloon pump, kept from our busking days, to dry the port a bit before just setting it on its stand to dry. All seems to be working well, except it’s telling me I can make emergency calls only. So I need to fuss with that for a while.

The main thing is, this thing fell into the edge of a pool of water, got driven over by a truck, and didn’t break!!!

What a relief!

Meanwhile, as I was in town, I got a message from my brother. He has started getting alerts on his phone about overland flooding, telling people not to try to try through flooded areas. It turns out while I was in town, they got flooding alerts, too, though where I was, there didn’t seem to be any issues at all. Where we are, we’re not getting any alerts for flooding at all, so that’s good.

It will probably take several says of no rain for things to dry up enough that we can get back to work on the garden beds and harvesting the dead trees. I am most definitely not complaining, though. This hopefully makes up for the lack of moisture when the snow melted, since we had so little snow this past winter. I definitely want to take a walk beyond the outer yard and see how gravel pit, etc. are. We should have a flowing creek in the municipal drainage ditch right now. When outside, we are hearing cows, but not seeing them, so I’m not sure if the renter’s cows are on this quarter, or if we’re hearing someone else’s cows. The important thing is, the gravel pit and pond should be full of water for them, and the gravel pit, at least, should stay full for the year, since it has so much clay to hold it all in.

It may make some things inconvenient, but I am very thankful for all this rain.

The Re-Farmer

Well, darn. GiC is hacked!

This is from her other channel.

This is one of the best gardening channels out there, too. I’ve shared quite a few of her videos here on the blog. I hope YouTube gets their s*** in gear and gets it back to her before too much damage is done!

The Re-Farmer

It’s a bit wet out there…

But it could be worse!

Some places are getting snow! Or a rain/snow mix.

I was able to finish mowing the East yard, which is where the lowest part of the inner yard is. It’s hard to tell in the photo, but through the short grass, you can see the water extending well beyond the little pond in front of the outhouse. The moat around the garage is back, and I’ve been watching the driveway on the garage cam slowly fill with water.

While we have reached 7C/45F out there, we still have a wind chill of -4C/26F It’s gotten cold enough in the house, I turned the furnace back up again!

Amazingly, we still have three fires going in our province! All well to the north of us. Two are under control, and one is “being held” – that one is what’s left of a much larger fire that burned out of control for some time.

The rain, however, is now supposed to continue through to tomorrow evening, instead of ending around noon.

Thankfully, we got those errands done yesterday, don’t need to go anywhere in this. I feel for the people who have to be out there right now!

There is one disconcerting thing, though.

When I’m at my computer, I’m basically right above the septic pump, so I’m basically the only one that can hear it go off. Especially now, when we’ve got both of the new blowers, plus fans, running to try and keep things drier in the old basement. Since we had the pill switch replaced, only once before did we have a situation where it wouldn’t shut off again. It basically fixed itself, though.

Well, as I was working on this post, it happened again. I could hear a change in the sound that immediately got my attention – I’m pretty paranoid about that, these days! I went down to check, and the pump was running, but I could see now water flowing through the filter. It was empty. So I shut off the pump manually, primed the filter, and tried again. The filter emptied, no new water started to flow, and the pump kept running, dry.

So for the last while, I did things like switch out the filter basket (it didn’t seem clogged, but I changed it anyhow). We keep an old hose that’s missing its female connector down there, permanently hooked up to the cold water tap from when the washing machine used to be down there. It makes refilling the filter very handy, but I even sent water running into the inflow opening, at the top of the filter, in case there was something blocking it. It seemed fine. Each time I did something, I tried turning the pump back on again, and it would empty the filter and keep running dry again.

Finally, I opened up the floor drain and sent the hose through, all the way to the tank. That meant fighting to get it through the bottleneck that’s somewhere between the wall and the tank it keeps getting caught on. I suspect that bottleneck is the source of quite a few of our problems. After I got it through, I turned the water on to flush things in the pipe, then ran the hose in the other direction, towards the weeping tile under the new basement, then back to the septic tank again.

Then I turned the power to the pump back on and…

… it stayed off.

After I got back upstairs, my older daughter, who is getting up for her night of working on commissions, checked with me. She could hear that something was going on, and she wanted to know if it was safe to shower! Which is was. Once I heard the septic pump turn on again, I went into the basement and watched the water flowering through the filter. Everything seemed fine, and the pump turned itself off, as it normally would.

This makes me think that there is something the float is getting hung up on every now and then, so it’s not dropping far enough to tell the pump to shut off. Whatever it is, running the hose through seems to have cleared it.

At times like this, I wish we had a gravity system, instead of a pump one! We would just need to make sure the septic field gets insulated every winter. No pumps to worry about, and no electricity needed. I do understand why my dad set up the pump system. There really isn’t anyplace in the inner yard to have a septic field. Too many large trees and their roots to mess things up.

Ah, well. Dealing with this stuff just comes with the territory!

No different than having to deal with moats around the garage and sopping wet driveways! 😄

The Re-Farmer

Wet, wet and more wet – and new growth!

So the rain started early this morning, and has been pretty constant, so far. The rainfall warnings include possible flooding in places, including our region. Our region is huge, though, and contains quite a few rural municipalities. Where we are is unlikely to have much, if any, where we are. The newly graded roads, however, are probably going to be a real mess!

With the rain, I did short rounds this morning and skipped switching out the trail cams, since I won’t want water getting into the cameras. Short rounds was good, though, because…

… a lovely surprise!!!!

My husband actually came out with me!!!! He caned it rather than drag his walker into the rain, but he did it! I could see he was really struggling near the end, but he did it. I honestly can’t remember the last time he went outside and walked around. It’s probably been at least a year.

As we went around, I checked the beds and we had a lovely surprise in the bed of Purple Caribe potatoes.

The first plants have emerged! Just two, so far that we can see, but this rain is going to be so good for them.

When I was mowing yesterday, I’d put one of the raised bed covers over the German Butterball potatoes, then forgot to take it off, so my husband helped me lift it off to the side, so they could get some rain, too. I had also forgotten to put the extensions on the eavestrough downspouts back after mowing. I’ll have to check the new basement later, and see if that caused any problems. The one corner was already damp and has a fan on it. That was the corner a rain barrel had been left to overflow during a wet summer, and is why we now have weeping tile problems. This basement used to always stay dry, even when the old basement was wet, but not anymore. My brother had found that corner so wet, for so long, there was mold. He cleaned it up with bleach, and when we clear the basement, we also bleached that entire corner, but it still gets wet at times.

So forgetting the extension on the downspout above that corner is not a good thing!

When feeding the outside cats, I didn’t see Broccoli, but we still went around to the garden shed. If I think she might be in there with her babies, I knock on the door, first. Opening the door still startles her, but she doesn’t always run out completely. She gets in and out through the hole in the back wall, and there’s an old chair in that corner. Sometimes, I can just see her butt under the chair, as she waits while I put food out for her. Today, she did actually leave the shed, so I took advantage of that to pick up her kittens and straighten out the self warming mat for them. My husband got to see them, too. If it hadn’t been raining, I would have passed them to him to hold while I straightened out the bedding. More human interaction would be a good thing, but not if they get too chilled in the process!

Speaking of chilled, as I write this, we are at 5C/41F – with a wind chill of -4C/25F! Our expected high for today is supposed to be 8C/46F According to the weather radar, we are under the light rainfall area, with the moderate rainfall passing by to the west of us, with a few places in the south and west of us, getting occasional heavy rainfall. In total, we’re expected to get 50-60mm of rain, which is roughly 2 – 2.5 inches. The rain, with another high of 8C/46F, is expected to continue until about noon tomorrow. Starting Sunday, things are supposed to warm up and we’ll have dry weather for at least a couple of weeks. Hopefully, that will be enough time for us to get those beds reworked and ready for planting! We should probably lay plastic down to help warm the soil up faster, too. Looking at the long range forecast, there are still going to be cooler nights in the second week of June. Not cool enough for frost, but cool enough that I’d want to find ways to protect our more heat loving transplants.

Which won’t even be in the ground for more than a week.

Pretty much everything we do, revolves around the weather.

If the really long range forecasts can be trusted (they can’t), we’ll have only one day of rain in June, and none in July. June is supposed to have a few highs reaching or surpassing 30C/86F, but right now, July is supposed to have highs of 25C/77F, every day. Literally, every day except the first four, which are supposed to have highs of 24C/75F. So you know that’s going to change a lot by the time we get there!

Well, that should be good for all the squash and melons we’re planting this year! Plus the eggplant and peppers. As long as we can keep up with the watering. One of our best gardening years was a drought year with heat waves. I’m still amazed by how many melons we got that year. It was so hard to get them properly watered on the squash tunnel, and the plants were so spindly, and they they produced so well! This year, they will be closer to the house for easier watering, and have better soil conditions. I am hopeful that we will have a much better gardening year, this year, and actually harvest enough to do some canning and preserving of things other than tomatoes and onions!

Time will tell.

The Re-Farmer

Well, this sucked

It’s been a rather rough day, all around, in different ways.

After I had to stop mowing to take a rest break, I started heading out to go to the post office, and then to town to pick up my husband’s insulin.

I found this.

One of my tires was completely flat.

Thankfully, we have a full size, brand new, spare tire.

Thankfully, we have CAA!

So I phoned CAA, rather than trying to use the app or their website. With reason. I gave our address and, of course, it didn’t show up, because according to the online maps, we don’t exist. Which meant she had to fight with her system to get it to accept the address given, plus the directions to find us. This was all done by maybe 2:30. She then gave me a time of arrival of 4:25.

!!!

If it was going to take that long, by the time the tire was changed, the placed I needed to go to would be closed!

From past experience, though, I found they would get to use much quicker, so I gave the phone to my husband, then went back out to unlock the gate, then go back to the truck.

I had no clue how to get the spare tire.

After going through the owners manual, I found where the jack, which comes with tire blocks, and tools were stored. We keep the back seats up, but even so, we never saw the parts and pieces! Then I found where the tire was to be lowered from, which had a lock on it. The only key for the truck is the ignition key, and I was quite happy to find it fit the lock.

By the time the guy got to our place, I had all the lock out and the tools on the cover of the box, so he could get right at lowering the spare tire. Which was absolutely covered in gravel road dust!

Then he set to using his own much better jack to lift the truck and start changing the tire. He had a cordless driver, but the lug nuts turned out to be over tightened. That would have been Canadian Tire. When I had the oil changed, the package included a tire rotation. Which means they used an impact driver rather than a torque wrench to put the tires back on, and over did it. He had to fight with it to get them loose enough that he could finish up using his driver. Things were rusty, and no… oh, I can’t remember the name of it now…. something that keeps them from seizing… I’ll probably remember later. It wasn’t used. Later, before putting the lug nuts back on, he knocked the lug nuts against a hard surface, and I could see the rust falling out. He also showed me how the covered on the lug nuts, which are basically decorative, were starting to crack from being over tightened. Something to get taken care of before the become loose and start spinning, instead of turning the lug nuts and damaging them!

The tire was replaced in excellent time, and I was still going to be able to go to town. So I got in and started the engine…

Only to get a warning that the tire that just got changed was low on air.

Okay. It’s been sitting unused for about a year, so that’s not too surprising. It didn’t seem very low on my gauge when I pumped it up, but I guess it was low enough to trigger the sensor.

Then I started the truck again…

… and got the same warning, for the same tire I just topped up.

Which tells me the spare tire doesn’t have a sensor, so the computer has noting to read and gives this automatic response.

I’ll just have to ignore it for now.

I headed out and first stopped at the post office to pick up a parcel, then kept going to town. The CAA guy had put the flat tire into the box of the truck for me – we both looked it over but could see no obvious cause for it to be flat. My first stop was at the garage. The owner happened to walk outside just as I got there, so we chatted for a bit, and I told him about the tire. My guess is, I ran over something when I did the dump run on Tuesday. As soon as I said I’d done a dump run, he basically said the same thing.

He’ll take a look at it and text me when it’s done. Hopefully, it’ll just need a patch, and not replacement. If all goes well, I’ll be able to book an appointment to have it put back, and the spare returned where it belongs, before I head in to the city to do our stock up shopping.

Once that was dropped off, I made the pharmacy run and took advantage of the trip to run a few more errands. While I did that, my daughter was busy at home and got another 18′ log for me. We just need to get it dragged out of the spruce grove. I now have enough to frame out one of the prepared beds in the main garden.

Then it was time to head home and unload the truck, have a very late lunch, then head back outside to continue mowing.

It was while I was doing that, when I got a video call from an old friend from high school. It was only last night that I saw her share something on Facebook that absolutely stunned me, about another friend from high school. She had passed away a few days ago, but I’d heard nothing about it until then. So she called me and we talked for quite a while. Unfortunately, I won’t be able to go to the funeral. Not only is it two provinces away, but it’s on a date we’ve already made arrangements to connect with a friend that’s back in Canada from South America. I was updated on the circumstances, which made the whole thing even more shocking. Basically, the hospital killed her, by assuming treatment before doing a CT scan. Which is something that I’ve seen happen – or almost happen – way too many times. My husband is very lucky to still be with us right now, since they almost killed him three times when he developed his heart condition, as just one example.

So we’re all kind of reeling about the circumstances.

It does make you think how important it is to stay connected to the people you care about. To not put off that phone call, or that email, or that visit. Any one of us can be gone in an eye blink, regardless of our age or health or whatever.

As much as I love that we live out in the boonies and don’t have to deal with so many people all the time, it does make it harder to stay connected with the people I want to stay connected with!

Anyhow. That’s the biggest reason this day was on the rough side.

Things still need to be done, though, so after the call, I finished mowing the section of yard I was working on. The inner yard is now half done (not counting the garden area). Unfortunately, the forecast now says we’ll be getting rain starting in the wee hours of the morning, and continuing on through to Saturday morning. We’re still getting heavy rainfall warnings from the weather services. Overnight temperatures are also expected to drop, with a low of 2C/36F on Saturday night, which makes frost a possibility. The cooler overnight temperatures will just give us more time to get those low raised beds cleaned up and shifted over, and ready for planting after we pass our last frost date in June – and get the rest of the lawn mowed before it turns into hay!

We’ll see how it works out. I’m certainly not going to complain about getting rain.

The Re-Farmer

Gone squirrelly!

Yesterday was a pretty wasted day. I wasn’t feeling well, so I decided to use the day to rest and recover.

I’m still feeling like crap, but not as bad. So I just pain killered up and headed out.

Unfortunately, we just can’t set aside mowing the lawn anymore. The grass is getting too tall, and I don’t want a repeat of the spring my brother and his wife had to come out with their mowing equipment to get it done. This time, the problem is how wet the yard has been.

Still, it needs to be done.

When I last mowed in the outer yard, I broke an attachment on the lawnmower. This was the diverter shield on the side that sends the grass clippings away. The grass was so tall and thick that it kept getting knocked out of position. Well, one time I wasn’t paying close enough attention, it got knocked off, and under the mower.

It is now in several pieces.

The side of the mower where it attaches has a permanent cover over the opening that it attached under. Without it, the opening is well sealed, so that the clippings can either go out the back and into the lawn bag, or if the back is closed up with its plug and cover, the clippings supposedly get mulched into the ground.

That mulch setting doesn’t work very well, and the mower really struggles if it is used.

So that means I need to use the mower bag, whether I want to or not. To set that up, I lifted the back cover and removed the plug.

Where I found evidence of squirrels! Grass clippings still manage to get into it, and squirrels took advantage of the “nest” to store acorns!

With so many cats around, I hardly ever see squirrels anymore, so this is a surprise, indeed!

Once that was cleared out, I started on the east lawn.

I didn’t finish it.

First, the grass it so tall, I’m constantly stopping to empty the bag. Second, the grass is still pretty damp, so the opening into the bag gets clogged up very quickly. Third, because the grass is so wet, the bag is heavier to lug around than usual!

It’s a good thing I enjoy mowing the lawn!

I’ve got a nice pile of grass clippings going, but we won’t even be able to use it as mulch. Sections of this part of the yard are infested with Creeping Charlie. If I use the grass clippings as mulch, I’ll just be spreading the stuff. 😢

In the end, I had to stop mowing, even though I didn’t have very much left to do. I was getting into the lowers – and, therefore, wettest – parts of the yard, plus I was just getting too tired and too hot.

And by “hot”, I mean it’s 11C/52F out there, with a humidex of 13C/55F Yes, I find that hot. I’m not acclimated to spring temperatures yet! It certainly didn’t help that the sweat on my face seemed to attract some sort of flying insect that would get caught in my glasses, or under the visor of my hat!

Anyhow. I’m taking a break for now. Once the post office reopens for the afternoon, I’ll head out to get the mail, and pick up some sour cream, so my daughter can make her rhubarb cake with our first harvest of the year! Hopefully, by then, the grass will have dried a bit more.

We are currently getting weather warnings for potentially heavy rainfalls, but at the same time, our area isn’t expected to get rain until about 5am.

We’re also getting low enough overnight temperatures that, in some places, they are getting frost warnings. We might be getting frost on the weekend, from the looks of it.

We shall see!

For now, I just need to hydrate, run some errands, then get back to mowing before the rain hits! I hope to be able to finish the inner yard, but I don’t expect to be able to mow around the main garden area, or finish the outer yard. That will have to wait for another day. The old garden area is yellow with dandelions right now. I hope to get that done before they all go to seed, but… we’ll see!

The Re-Farmer

Morning flowers, and strawberry progress

We have lots of things blooming right now!

Besides dandelions, that is.

The cherries at the edge of the spruce grove are blooming like crazy right now. We might actually have berries from them this year. The one by the house – the one we plan to keep – is just starting to bloom. Usually, it blooms before the ones in the bushes.

The different types of lilacs are showing flower buds, but only the double lilac in the old kitchen garden is starting to show a few open blossoms. Most of the crab apple trees have buds, but the one big one that has tasty apples just sort of exploded in flowers this morning.

The grape hyacinths have their flower cones up. Little spots of purple, all over the area they’re in. Unfortunately, they are almost completely hidden by the purple bellflower that has taken over every open space among the trees. The area is too large to weed by hand, but I don’t want to use tools or the weed trimmer, and risk accidentally taking out the grape hyacinths.

I’m really looking forward to when the lilacs start opening. We’ve got five different kinds that my mother planted, and they all bloom at different types. Everything smells amazing for weeks!

I also made sure to check our little strawberry patch. Something – likely the cats – keeps digging into the mulch, but not the strawberries. I just need to put the mulch back in the morning, and everything else is okay.

It looks like 8 out of 9 are doing quite well right now. The 9th one does have leaf buds on it, so it will hopefully recover soon. Considering we ordered a package of 8, that one’s a bonus, anyhow!

Hopefully, these will do quite well where they are – as long as the bed doesn’t get invaded by those Chinese elm roots again!

The Re-Farmer

Hello, little ones!

I got to sneak a visit with the babies this morning! 🩷

They weren’t too happy to seem me. 😁 Still, I got to hold them for a bit while I straightened out their bedding, then pet them before putting them back. Then I left food for their mother. I’m so glad she hasn’t moved them! The outside mamas have all been notorious for moving their babies as soon as we figured out where they were, until they were too big to conveniently move. Which means these once have a chance of being socialized. I have no idea how many other litters there are right now, or where they are. None of tried using the cat house, nor the old dog houses behind the garage that were set up as general critter shelters. I think Brussel might have had her kittens in the garage, but only because I see her there fairly regularly. It seems to be her preferred home, in general. Where in the garage, I can’t figure out. Nothing in there seems like it would be a good nesting area for kittens.

Ah, well. When the times comes, they’ll start showing up, and then we’ll figure it out.

The Re-Farmer

Our 2024 Garden: first harvest!

Yes, it’s still May, but I did our first harvest this morning!

The rhubarb in the south corner of the old kitchen garden is doing very well. I harvested a bunch, which should open things up and give the other stalks more room to grow. I have no idea what we will do with it. Maybe we have the ingredients for the rhubarb cake my daughter likes to make.

Today is turned out to be an off day. Since I did a dump run and a Walmart trip, it should have been a recovery day. Instead, I woke up stiff and sore in every joint. This, on top of a mostly sleepless night. I couldn’t get myself to bed until well past 1am; I knew trying to go to bed earlier would just be an exercise in frustration. Then, once I did finally get to bed, several cats suddenly got the zoomies, and were chasing each other around the house. That, of course, included running right over me in bed, as well as getting into placed they are not allowed.

Still, I should not have been waking up in so much pain, and just sooooo sleepy.

Then I checked the weather and realized why.

The rain we weren’t supposed to get until Friday arrived early. Just scattered showers, but still cloudy and dreary out there. Depending on which weather app I check, we’ll either get a bit of rain today, none tomorrow, then rain on Friday – or we will be getting scattered showers tomorrow as well.

This sort of weather has always made me feel sleepy. Even when I was a kid, it had that affect on me. Then I developed osteo-arthritis, and this sort of weather triggers it, badly. Everything hurts. Not severely, but enough to make moving around rather unpleasant, to say the least!

Things are supposed to clear up and warm up a bit, later, so I think I’ll take some painkillers and try lying down for a couple of hours – if I can squeeze in amongst the cats, that seem to be worn out from all their running around last night, and are now sprawled across my bed!

I can’t afford too many days like this. There is too much work to do outside!

The Re-Farmer

Checking on the babies

I had a really hard time getting going this morning, so I was a bit late in feeding the outside cats. Once I saw Broccoli, though, I just had to go and check on her babies!

They are definitely getting bigger and more attentive to what’s going on around them. The little calico would let out a hiss, every now and then. I picked them both up to straighten out their blanket a bit, and made sure to pet them, so get them used to human interaction.

Then I left some food for Broccoli inside the shed, plus a sheltered area outside the shed.

I’ll have to go out to check later, but as I was finishing up, I took the container with the remains of Cat Soup out. Yesterday, when it seemed most of cats weren’t too keen on it, I tried something. I emptied the remains of dry kibbles from the other bowls into the Cat Soup and mixed it all up. That made it more of a paste than a soup, and it made a big difference. Most cats were willing to eat it. So, next time we do this, we’ll use less water. My daughter suggested reducing the amount of ground pumpkin seed, too, as that likely has a stronger taste than using the same amount of pumpkin puree.

One thing that made me happy was seeing our elderly Freya going back to eat throughout the evening. She ate more last night than I’ve seen her eat in quite a long time. That alone will keep us making this stuff when we do their wet cat food!

Still, with the kibble mixed in, there was quite a lot, so I took what was left in the morning and set it outside for the yard cats. I’ve no doubt that bowl will be licked clean by the time I go back to get it!

The Re-Farmer